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研究发现关节炎治疗药物可促进脂肪信号传递 并能对抗肥胖小鼠的糖尿病_我的网站

A |     A retired Indian Air Marshall has told Sputnik that it is already “evident” that the developing countries don’t support anti-Russia sentiments of the G7 club, further arguing that most of the ‘Global South’ even holds the US and its allies “responsible” for precipitating the Ukraine crisis as well as its knock-on effects which led to global energy instability.,“The rest of the world is smarter in understanding than the western countries on how the [Ukraine conflict] emerged and who are the causal factors for this particular problem,” said Air Marshal (retired) Muthumanikam Matheswaran, who heads the Indian think-tank Peninsula Foundation.,Matheswaran has also served in the past as deputy chief of India’s Integrated Defense Staff (IDS).,“Around two-thirds of the world is not cooperating with the western countries’ push to support Ukraine or to condemn Russia. I think that they see that the issue is far more complex,” the former fighter pilot added.,Russia has said that NATO’s eastward expansion into Europe around Russian borders was the major reason for the launch of the special military operation in Ukraine. China has backed Moscow in holding NATO responsible for the Ukraine crisis.,India has kept its counsel over its Western partners, though New Delhi's permanent representative to the UN has appealed for diplomacy and dialogue in the crisis.,Meanwhile, the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) nations have decried unilateral sanctions against Russia. BRICS nations make up 41 percent of the world's population, 24 percent of international GDP, and accounts for 16 percent of global trade.,“[The developing nations] actually hold the West responsible for the present crisis. Therefore, I don’t think that the ‘Global South’ is with them at all,” Matheswaran remarked.,The observations came a day after the G7 Summit in Germany concluded. A joint communique issued after the meeting called for “phasing out or banning the import of Russian coal and oil” from the global energy chain, even despite its recognition that the “burden” of rocketing energy prices has resulted in “market instability” and aggravated “inequalities nationally and internationally”.,Oil Prices Up Another 2% on Signs UAE, Saudi Arabia Have Maxed Out ProductionYesterday, 00:55 GMT,Crude oil prices have been at their highest level since the 2008 global financial crisis in the wake of the US and European Union (EU)-led attempts to phase out Russian crude supplies from the international market in retaliation for Moscow’s special military operation in Ukraine.,The G7 leaders also said in their joint statement that the western allies would “reduce reliance on civil nuclear and related goods from Russia”.,Food prices have soared around the world after West-led efforts to ban Russian exports in March. The UN-backed World Food Programme (WFP) warned last week that “millions of people across the world are at risk of being driven into starvation".,G7 Could Worsen Global Energy and Food Shortages,Matheswaran reckoned that additional sanctions against Russia, as mooted in the G7 statement, could exacerbate the present crisis, which has led to high levels of inflation throughout developed and developing countries.,“Russia is not a small country that can be downsized with sanctions. It is a nuclear power and the world’s largest country with an enormous number of resources. Much of Europe depends on Russian oil and gas as well as its resources,” the Indian expert said.,“So, western powers need to find different solutions if they want to resolve their conflict with Russia. They must not coerce or push the rest of the world for their own, narrow objectives,” argued Matheswaran.,“It will cause more issues with food security, economic downturn,” he added.,Further, the member of the think-tank lauded Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi for not backing down on New Delhi’s decision to buy discounted Russian crude against the backdrop of a spike in global prices.,Russian Energy Supplies to India Have Increased 'Dozens of Times', Russian Ambassador Says27 June, 15:02 GMT,Modi told his G7 counterparts that India would “continue” to pursue its “energy security”, amid sustained pressure from Washington and Brussels on New Delhi to reduce its reliance on Russian oil.,G7 is ‘Irrelevant’, BRICS and G20 need to Step Up To Their Role,Matheswaran said that the G7 no longer represented the realities of the contemporary world order and groupings such as the G20 and BRICS were better equipped to deal with the problems facing the global community.,Indonesia, at present chairing the G20, has rejected calls by western governments to exclude Moscow from this year's G20 Summit in Jakarta.,“The G7 is irrelevant in today’s global structure. What should matter is groupings such as the G20, which reflects the larger global community and rationalizes economic processes across the world,” he said.,New Development Bank’s Success in West Depends on BRICS Risk-Taking Ability on Governance: Economist25 June, 11:18 GMT,“The G7 is pretty much a collection of countries which are erstwhile imperial powers and they continue to, albeit in a different manner, practice that same process,” he said.,“They dominate the global economic system and they want everyone else to tailor their policies and structures to bring in benefits to the G7,” the Indian academic added.,Matheswaran said that BRICS, which also held an online leaders’ summit days before the G7 meeting, needs to step up to its role in global economic, political and security decision-making.,He noted that other developing countries such as Argentina, which has also applied for BRICS’ membership, must also be embraced.,Matheswaran also reckoned that the “privileged access” of G7 democracies to financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank needed to be “downsized and rationalized”.。

B |     在贝勒医学院研究人员的领导下，这项研究源于围绕炎症在胰岛素抵抗中所扮演的角色的新兴知识，以及如何将控制炎症的药物用于对抗糖尿病。作为糖尿病的一个特征，胰岛素抵抗是指细胞无法对激素做出反应并从血液中吸收葡萄糖，而研究已经在它和白色脂肪组织的炎症之间建立了联系。为了更好地了解这些关联，该研究的作者在现有的药物数据库中进行筛选，寻找一种可能同时影响炎症和糖尿病的药物。

C | 第一作者和共同通讯作者Aaron R. Cox博士说：“我们通过计算筛选了一个小分子数据集，并确定了auranofin，这是一种美国食品和药物管理局批准的药物，已被用于治疗类风湿性关节炎，一种涉及炎症的疾病。Auranofin具有抗炎特性，许多人怀疑这对肥胖症和糖尿病有益；然而，对于它如何影响新陈代谢，人们并不了解。

D | ”科学家们用Auranofin治疗糖尿病小鼠模型，并仔细检查了代谢效果，让这些动物食用高脂肪饮食。其中一个关键的发现集中在一种叫做瘦素的激素上，这种激素由脂肪细胞产生，并向大脑发出信号，表明我们已经吃饱。在拥有更多脂肪细胞的肥胖受试者中，瘦素水平升高，打破了这些与大脑的沟通，导致他们通过所谓的瘦素抵抗而暴饮暴食。研究发现Auranofin能降低肥胖小鼠的瘦素水平。该药物还改善了白色脂肪组织的代谢信号，促进了更高的脂肪燃烧率，改善了胰岛素敏感性，并对抗了其他与肥胖有关的影响。然而，值得注意的是，它这样做并没有改变小鼠的身体组成。共同通讯作者Sean Hartig博士说：“我们发现Auranofin具有抗炎和抗糖尿病的作用，这些作用是相互独立的。Auranofin改善了胰岛素敏感性，或身体对胰岛素作出反应以保持血糖在健康水平的能力。该药物还使小鼠模型中与肥胖相关的变化正常化，如高胰岛素血症--血液中的胰岛素水平高于正常水平。此外，我们发现Auranofin在白色脂肪组织中的积累减少了炎症反应，而不改变肥胖小鼠的身体组成。”研究人员指出，在这些有希望的结果转化为临床治疗之前，还有很多工作要做，但对他们的早期发现充满热情。该研究发表在《细胞代谢》杂志上。

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